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You can jump to the following years:
1350 1400 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1825 1850
1252-1334 Shaikh Safi al-Din founded Safavi religious order. Persia
1283-1350 Yoshida Kenko wrote "Essays in Idleness."
Feudal Japan
1286-1324 Guan Yunshi advised Confucian reforms. Yuan
Dynasty
1294-1307 Temur ruled Mongol China. Yuan
Dynasty
1295-1304 Ghazan founded Mongols' Il-khan dynasty. Crusades
1295-1308 Indravarman III ruled Cambodia
with Buddhism.
1296-1316 'Ala-ud-din Khalji ruled Delhi Sultanate. Delhi
Sultanate
1299-1326 Osman Ghazi founded Ottoman
dynasty.
1300 Wang wrote Romance of Western Chamber. Chinese
Theater
1303 Khalji army killed 30,000 Hindus at Chitor. Delhi
Sultanate
1304 Giovanni converted 6,000 Chinese. Yuan
Dynasty
1304-16 Khudabanda ruled Mongols' Il-khan empire. Persia
1310-41 Al-Nasir Muhammad ruled Egypt. North
Africa
1311 Kafur invaded Ma'bar from Devagiri. Delhi
Sultanate
1311-75 Astrologer Liu Ji advised first Ming
emperor.
1312 Vietnam's Tran Anh
Ton invaded Champa.
1312-20 Mongol emperor Renzong ruled China. Yuan
Dynasty
1312-37 Mansa Musa ruled Mali. Africa
1313-1905 Chinese used civil service exams on classics. Yuan
Dynasty
1314-44 Amda-Siyon ruled Ethiopia.
1316-35 Abu Sa'id ruled declining Il-khan empire. Persia
1317 Sanbu made Dongola church a mosque. North
Africa
1318-39 Go-Daigo was emperor of Japan.
1320-25 Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah ruled in Delhi.
1320-57 Minh-ton ruled Vietnam.
1320-89 Hafiz wrote mystical poetry. Persia
1323 Mongol laws were promulgated in Yuan
China.
1324 Mansa Musa spent gold in Cairo, went to Mecca. Africa
1324-28 Yesun Temur enfeoffed 24 princes in Yuan
China.
1324-60 Orkhan ruled Ottoman
empire.
1325 Go-Daigo sent Buddhist Muso Soseki to China. Feudal
Japan
1325-51 Muhammad bin Tughluq ruled as Delhi
sultan.
1329 Mossi pillaged Timbuktu. Africa
1330-1400 Luo Guanzhong wrote novels.
1330-64 Vizier Gaja Mada expanded Javanese
empire.
1331-33 Go-Daigo banished to the island of Oki. Feudal
Japan
1332 Ethiopia beat Ifat,
Dawaro, Sharka, Bali, Adal.
1332-1406 Ibn Khaldun wrote
on philosophy of history.
1333 Kamakura Bakufu rule ended in Japan. Feudal
Japan
1333-68 Toghon Temur was last Mongol ruler of China. Yuan
Dynasty
1333-84 Kannami founded
Kanza No theater troupe.
1333-92 Japan was divided
in civil war.
1334 Ma'bar rebelled against Delhi.
1334-42 Ibn Battuta visited India. Delhi
Sultanate
1335 White Lotus Society revolts began in Yuan
China.
1336 Vijayanagar became independent of Delhi.
North India
1336-56 Harihara I ruled Vijayanagara. South
India
1336-58 Takauji founded Ashikaga Bakufu in Kyoto. Feudal
Japan
1336-74 Gao Qi wrote poems and stories. Short
Stories
1338 Bengal became independent of Delhi.
1340 'Ubayd-i-Zakani wrote "Ethics of the Aristocracy."
Persia
1340 Hasan-i Buzurg founded Jalayarid dynasty. Persia
1341-1427 Qu Yu wrote stories.
1341-60 Sulayman ruled Mali. Africa
1344-72 Saifa Harud ruled Ethiopia.
1347 Abu'l-Hasan conquered Tunis. North
Africa
1347-1527 Bahmani kingdom ruled Deccan. Delhi
Sultanate, South
India
1349-85 Yaji ruled Kano in Hausaland. Africa
c. 1350 Zimbabwe governed by Mbire Bantus.
Africa
1350-69 Ramadhipati ruled Siam
and founded Ayudhya.
1350-89 Hayam Wuruk ruled Java.
1351 Red Turban revolts began in Yuan
China.
1351-74 Kongmin ruled Koryo.
1351-88 Firuz Shah ruled as Delhi
sultan.
1352 Ethiopian Christian
Ewostatewos died.
1353 Ibn Battuta visited Mali. Africa
1353-71 Fa Ngum founded and ruled Laos.
1353-85 Binnya U ruled Mon. Burma
1355 Zhu Yuanzhang's rebels attacked Nanjing. Yuan
Dynasty
1355-85 Ku Na ruled Chiang Mai, promoted Buddhism. Laos
1356 Paper money stopped circulating in China. Yuan
Dynasty
1356-77 Bukka I ruled Vijayanagara. South
India
1357 Red Turbans captured Kaifeng. Yuan
Dynasty
1359 40,000 rebelling Red Turbans fled into Koryo.
1359-89 Hammu Musa II ruled Tlemcen. North
Africa
1359-89 Sikander ruled Bengal. Delhi
Sultanate
1360-74 Mari-Djata II ruled Mali. Africa
1361 100,000 Red Turbans took over north Koryo.
1361-89 Murad I ruled Ottoman
empire.
1363 Mun Ik-chom brought cotton seeds to Koryo.
1363-1443 Zeami wrote No
plays.
1364 Turks defeated Serbians and Hungarians. Ottoman
1365 Cypriots, Venetians, Genoese took Alexandria. North
Africa
1365 Prapanca wrote poem Nagarakertagama. Java
1368-1401 Mingyi Swasawke ruled Burma.
1368-1644 Ming dynasty ruled
China.
1368-98 Hongwu founded Ming dynasty.
1370 Hongwu banned secret Buddhist societies. Ming
Dynasty
1370 Koryo general Yi Song-gye
defeated Mongols.
1370-88 Boromaraja I ruled Siam,
took over Sukhothai.
1370-94 Abul-'Abbas ruled Hafsid state. North
Africa
1371 Champa sacked Hanoi. Vietnam
1373 96,328 Buddhists and Daoists ordained in China. Ming
Dynasty
1373-1403 Muslim Sa'ad-ad-din ruled Zeila. Ethiopia
1373-1416 Sam Sene Thai ruled Laos.
1374 Kanza theater troupe performed before shogun. No
Plays
1375 China established imperial school system. Ming
Dynasty
1375 Timur invaded
Mughalistan.
1376 Hongwu executed hundreds
of officials in China.
1377 Ming army invaded Tibet.
1377-1404 Harihara II ruled Vijayanagara. South
India
1379-1439 Zhu Yudun wrote 31 plays. Theater
1380 Hongwu executed 15,000
people.
1382-1411 Dawit ruled Ethiopia.
1382-99 Barquq ruled Egypt. North
Africa
1385-1423 Razadarit ruled Mon. Burma
1386 Timur invaded
Persia.
1387 First Ming land survey
was done.
1388 General Lan Yu attacked the Mongols. Ming
Dynasty
1388 Yi Song-gye deposed Koryo's
King U.
1389 Turks defeated Serbians at Kosovo. Ottoman
1389-1402 Bayezid I ruled Ottoman
empire.
1389-1429 Vikramavarddhana ruled Java.
1390 Ewostatewos men founded Eritrean monastery. Ethiopia
1390 Gujarat's Farhat-ul-Mulk became independent. Delhi
Sultanate
1390-1410 Kananeji ruled Kano in Hausaland. Africa
1390-1422 Marwar became independent under Chunda. North
India
1392-98 Chinese planted one billion trees. Ming
Dynasty
1392-98 Yi Song-gye founded Korean Choson
dynasty.
1393 Hongwu executed 15,000
people.
1393 Timur conquered
the Muzaffarids.
1394-1434 Abu Faris ruled Ifriqiya in Tunis. North
Africa
1395 Chinese repaired or built 40,987 reservoirs. Ming
Dynasty
1396 Turks defeated Hungarian Sigismund's crusade. Ottoman
1397 Ming code of laws was
completed.
1398-99 Timur invaded
India, massacred Hindus. Delhi
Sultanate
1399-1402 Prince Zhu Di of Yan fought civil war. Ming
Empire
1400-18 T'aejong (Yi Pang-won) ruled Korea.
Choson Dynasty
1401 Gujarat became independent of Delhi. North
India
1401 Timur conquered
Baghdad.
1402 Timur defeated
Ottomans at Ankara.
1402-40 Ibrahim Sharqi ruled kingdom of Jaunpur. Delhi
Sultanate
1403-24 Zhu Di as Yongle ruled China. Ming
Empire
1403-35 Great walls were built in north China. Ming
Empire
1405 Japan promised China it would suppress piracy. Feudal
Japan
1405 Timur died on
his way to China.
1405-12 Mahmud ruled small Delhi
kingdom.
1405-33 Zheng He led sailing expeditions. Ming
Empire
1405-68 Zenchiku wrote No
plays.
1406-22 Devaraya I ruled Vijayanagara. South
India
1407 Ming emperor Yongle's
army took over Annam.
1407 Yongle Encyclopedia filled 11,095 volumes. Ming
Empire
1409 Tsongkhapa founded Gelugpa Buddhism. North
India
1409-47 Shah Rukh ruled the Timurid
empire.
1411-43 Ahmad ruled Gujarat as sultan. North
India
1411-65 Parakramabahu VI ruled Sri Lanka. South
India
1412-33 Shah Muhammad ruled Baghdad. Timurids
1413-20 'Ali Shah ruled Kashmir and killed Hindus. North
India
1413-21 Mehmed I ruled Ottoman
empire.
1414 Paramesvara in Melaka converted to Islam. Malaya
1414-21 Khizr Khan ruled Delhi.
1414-29 Yeshaq ruled Ethiopia.
1415 Chinese completed the Grand Canal. Ming
Empire
1418-27 Vietnamese drove
Chinese out of Annam.
1418-50 Sejong ruled Korea. Choson
Dynasty
1419 Qara Yusuf invaded Georgia and Shirvan. Timurids
1420 Songhai ruler Muhammad Da'o raided Mali. Africa
1420 Yongle moved capital from Nanjing to Beijing. Ming
Empire
1420-70 Zain-ul 'Abidin ruled Kashmir. North
India
1421-34 Mubarak Shah ruled Delhi.
1421-38 Dauda ruled Kano in Hausaland. Africa
1421-51 Murad II ruled Ottoman
empire.
1422-38 Barsbay ruled Egypt. North
Africa
1422-46 Devaraya II ruled Vijayanagara. South
India
1423-30 Turks fought Venetians for Salonika. Ottoman
1424-48 Boromaraja II ruled Siam,
conquered Angkor.
1426-35 Xuande ruled China. Ming
Empire
1428 Teamster revolt spread in Japan.
1428-41 Yoshinori was shogun of Japan.
1432-45 Ahmad Badlay ruled Adal. Ethiopia
1433 Tuareg chief Akilu-ag-Malwal occupied Timbuktu. Africa
1434 Khmer court moved capital to Phnom Penh. Cambodia
1434-48 Chinese suffered famines and epidemics. Ming
Empire
1434-68 Zara Ya'qob ruled Ethiopia.
1436-58 Ahmad II ruled Bahmani kingdom. South
India
1437-59 Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah ruled Bengal. North
India
1438-88 Jodha ruled Marwar. North
India
1439 Serbia was annexed to Ottoman
empire.
1441-78 Paya Sai Tiakapat ruled Laos.
1443 Korea made a trade treaty with Japan. Choson
Dynasty
1443 Phonetic Korean alphabet Han'gul was devised. Choson
Dynasty
1444-49 Miners rebelled in China. Ming
Empire
1446 Portuguese explorers arrived in western Malinke. Africa
1447 Songs of Flying Dragons was printed in Han'gul. Choson Dynasty
1448-88 Trailok ruled Siam
as a monk.
1449 Oirats captured Ming
emperor Yingzong.
1449-57 Jingtai ruled China. Ming
Empire
1450 Kabir
used methods of Islam and Hinduism.
1450 Ethiopian Zara Ya'qob
called Christian council.
1450 Macina became independent of Mali. Africa
1451-69 Abu Sa'id ruled the Timurid
empire.
1451-81 Mehmed II ruled Ottoman
empire.
1452-89 Afghan Buhlul Khan ruled Delhi
sultanate.
1453 Turks conquered Constantinople. Ottoman
1454 Mehmed II granted Venice freedom of trade. Ottoman
1456-68 Sejo ruled Korea. Choson
Dynasty
1458-1511 Mahmud Begarha ruled Gujarat. North
India
1460-98 Le Thanh Tong ruled Vietnam.
1463 Turks invaded Bosnia. Ottoman
1464-87 Xianzong ruled China. Ming
Empire
1464-92 Sonni 'Ali ruled Songhay. Africa
1465 China manufactured 300 cannons. Ming
Empire
1467-77 Onin War was fought in Japan.
1467-96 Qait Bay ruled Egypt. North
Africa
1467-97 Purushottama ruled Orissa. South
India
1469-1506 Husayn Baiqara ruled the Timurid empire. Persian
Empire
1469-1539 Nanak
founded the Sikh religion.
1469-94 Songjong was king of Korea. Choson
Dynasty
1471 Annam (Vietnam) annexed
most of Champa.
1471 Korean National Code was promulgated. Choson
Dynasty
1471 Portuguese attacked Tangier. Africa
1472-1529 Wang Yangming taught
Confucianism.
1477 Korean law banned women from remarrying. Choson
Dynasty
1479-93 Uprisings occurred in Japan.
1481-1514 Denianke Fulani fought a war against Mali. West
Africa
1482 Portuguese built El Mina fortress. West
Africa
1485-91 Mamluk Egypt and Ottomans
at war. North Africa
1486-1527 Girindrawardhana was last king of Majapahit. Java
1486-1531 Mingyinyo founded Taungngu dynasty of Burma.
1486-1533 Chaitanya
practiced devotional love.
1487-1505 Xiaozong ruled China. Ming
Empire
1489-1517 Sikander Shah ruled as Delhi
sultan.
1491-1529 Ramathibodi II ruled Siam.
1493-1519 'Ala-ud-din Husain Shah ruled Bengal. North
India
1493-1528 Muhammad Ture ruled Songhay. Central
Sudan
1495-1506 Korea's Yonsan'gun executed dissenters. Choson
Dynasty
1497-1540 Prataparudra ruled Orissa. South
India, Chaitanya
1498 Vasco da Gama reached Mozambique, Mombasa. Portuguese
1500 Cabral discovered South America, Sofala.
Portuguese
1500-20 Visunarat ruled Laos.
1501-16 Qansuh al-Ghuri ruled Egypt.
1504 Babur conquered Kabul. Mughal
1504 Sikander Shah founded city of Agra. Delhi
Sultanate
1505 Almeida became first Portuguese viceroy. South
India
1505-21 Zhengde ruled China. Ming
Empire
1506-44 Chungjong ruled Koryo. Choson
Dynasty
1508-40 Lebna Dengel ruled Ethiopia.
1509-28 Sanga ruled kingdom of Mewar. Delhi
Sultanate
1509-29 Krishna Deva Raya ruled Vijayanagara. South
India
1510 Albuquerque conquered Goa. South
India
1511 Albuquerque conquered Melaka. Malaya
1511 Babur and Safavids
took Samarqand, Bukhara.
1511-20 Selim ruled Ottoman
empire.
1511-26 Gujarat's Muzaffar II fought the Rajputs. North
India
1514 Selim's Turks invaded Persia. Ottoman
1515-32 Ganga ruled Marwar. North
India
1517 Ottomans defeated
Mamluks near Cairo. Egypt
1517-26 Sikander's son Ibrahim ruled Delhi
sultanate.
1518 Slaves shipped from Guinea coast to America. Algeria
1519 Korean reformer Cho Kwang-jo was executed. Choson
Dynasty
1519 Wang Yangming led victory over rebels. Ming
Empire
1519-30 Babur invaded India five times. Mughal
1520-1604 Hyujong wrote Mirror of the Three Teachings.
Korea
1520-47 Photisarath ruled Laos.
1520-66 Sulayman ruled
Ottoman empire.
1521 Magellan was killed on island of Cebu. Philippines
1521-66 Jiajing ruled China. Ming
Empire
1522 Luo Guanzhong wrote Three Kingdoms. Novels
1524 Wang Yangming wrote Instructions.
1524-76 Tahmasp ruled Persia.
1526 Babur founded Mughal
dynasty in India.
1526 Ottomans defeated
Hungarians at Mohacs.
1527-1602 Li Zhi taught moral relativism. Ming
Confucians
1529 Ottoman army's
siege of Vienna failed.
1529-38 Portuguese Nuno da Cunha colonized India. European
Trade
1530 Portuguese attacked coast of Gujarat. European
Trade
1530-39 Humayun ruled Mughal
empire.
1534 Turk Khayr al-Din captured Tunis.
Ottoman
1535-1615 Zhuhong taught Buddhism in China. Ming
Decline
1539-45 Sher Khan took over Mughal
empire.
1540 Turks raided the east coast of Africa.
1540-59 Galawdewos ruled Ethiopia.
1541-73 Altan's Mongols raided China. Ming
Empire
1542 Jesuits led by Francis Xavier arrived in India. European
Trade
1542-65 Rama Raya ruled Vijayanagara. Southern
India
1543 Turk Khayr al-Din ravaged Naples and Sicily. Ottoman
1543-88 Sonam Gyatso was named Dalai Lama. Tibet
1545-56 Humayun ruled Mughal
empire.
1546-67 Myongjong ruled Korea. Choson
Dynasty
1547 Turks made treaty with Hungary, France, Venice. Ottoman
1547-67 China banned foreign trade and fought pirates. Ming
Empire
1549 Jesuit Francis Xavier arrived at Kagoshima. Japan
1549-82 Dawud ruled Songhay. Central
Sudan
1550-1617 Tang Xianzu wrote romantic plays.
Theater
1551-97 Portuguese helped Dharmapala rule Sri Lanka. Southern
India
1552-74 Amar Das was the third Sikh
Guru.
1555 Ottomans, Persians made treaty at
Amasya.
1556-1605 Akbar
ruled Mughal empire.
1557 Portuguese at Macao began trade with China. Ming
Empire
1559-82 Nobunaga increased
his power in Japan.
1563-97 Sarsa Dengel ruled Ethiopia.
1564-86 Burma invaded
and dominated Siam.
1565 Legazpi began colonizing the Philippines.
1565-79 Sokollu was Ottoman
vizier.
1567 Akbar besieged
Mewar's capital of Chitor.
1567-1608 Sonjo ruled Korea.
1570-1623 Trinh Tong ruled Tongking. Vietnam
1570-1773 Trinh, Nguyen families ruled divided Vietnam.
1571 Manila was founded. Philippines
1571 Portuguese invaded
Zambezi lowlands.
1571 Spain, Venice defeated Turkish fleet at Lepanto. Ottoman
1572 Turks built a new fleet. Ottoman
1572-1620 Wanli was emperor of China. Ming
Decline
1572-82 Tutor Zhang Juzheng governed China. Ming
Decline
1573 Akbar's Mughal
army conquered Gujarat.
1574 Tulsidas began
writing Ramacaritamanasa.
1575 Akbar began
sponsoring religious debates.
1575 Factions formed in Korean
capital.
1578 5th Dalai Lama converted Mongol Altan Khan. Tibet
1578 Ottoman empire
took Fez from Portuguese. Morocco
1578-1603 Al-Mansur ruled Morocco.
1578-90 Turks made war against Persia. Ottoman
1579 Akbar proclaimed
himself religious authority.
1583-1610 Jesuit Matteo Ricci taught in China. Ming
Decline
1585 Akbar transferred
his capital to Lahore.
1585 Ieyasu and Hideyoshi
made peace.
1586 Qasim Khan annexed Kashmir
to Mughal empire.
1586-1614 Venkata II ruled Vijayanagara. Southern
India
1587 Hideyoshi subdued Satsuma
armies of Kyushu.
1587-1629 Shah 'Abbas ruled Safavid
Persia.
1589 Janissaries rebelled over debased coins. Ottoman
1589 Nurhaci rescued kidnapped Chinese. Ming
Decline
1590 Li Zhi published A Book to Burn. Ming
Confucians
1590-1605 Naresuan ruled Siam.
1592 Wu Chengen wrote Journey to the West. Novels
1592-98 Japanese invaded Korea.
Hideyoshi
1593 Three Siamese armies
invaded Cambodia.
1593-1606 Ottomans
made war against Hungary.
1593-1609 Jia canal was built in China. Ming
Decline
1593-1815 Spain made Philippines
commerce go by Mexico.
1594 Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania revolted. Ottoman
1595 Persia purchased
firearms from Moscow.
1595-1603 Mehmed III ruled Ottoman
empire.
1596-1610 Asia Minor peasants rebelled against Ottomans.
1597-1620 Rana Amar Singh ruled Mewar. Jahangir
1598 Emperor Akbar visited Guru Arjun. Sikhs
1598 Tang Xianzu wrote The Peony Pavilion. Theater
1598-1616 Ieyasu governed
Japan.
1599 Manchurians adopted Jurchen alphabet. Ming
Decline
1600 China had 230 million people. Ming
Decline
1602 Dutch formed United East India Company. European
Trade, Java
1602 Yuan Liaofan wrote Silent Recompense. Ming
Decline
1603 Okuni's dancing began Kabuki entertainment. Chikamatsu
1603 Siam made Cambodia
a vassal state.
1603-17 Ahmed I ruled the Ottoman
empire.
1604 Confucians founded Donglin academy. Ming
Decline
1604 Sikh scripture
Adi Granth was completed.
1604-35 Senerath ruled Kandy. Southern
India
1605-27 Jahangir
ruled Mughal empire.
1606 Sikh Guru
Arjun was tortured and killed. Jahangir
1606-44 Guru Hargobind organized a Sikh
army.
1607-32 Susenyos ruled Ethiopia,
became a Catholic.
1607-36 Iskandar Muda ruled Acheh. Sumatra
1608-13 Ho Kyun wrote Story of Hong Kil. Korea
1608-23 Kwanghaegun ruled Korea.
1608-49 Tukaram wrote mystical poetry. Maharashtra
Mystics
1610-28 Songtham ruled Siam.
1611 English defeated Portuguese off Bombay. European
Trade
1611 Jahangir married
Persian Nur Jahan.
1611 Japan prohibited preaching Christianity. Ieyasu
1611 Nurhaci executed his brother Surhaci. Ming
Decline
1611-22 Itimad-ud-daula was Mughal prime minister. Jahangir
1611-80 Li Yu wrote comedies and novels.
Theater
1612 Ottomans ceded
territories to Persia.
1613-46 Agung ruled Mataram in central Java.
1615 British navy defeated Portuguese off Swally. European
Trade
1616 English East India Company traded in Persia.
1616-32 Hidetada governed Japan.
1618 Jahangir granted
English trade exemption.
1618 Nurhaci announced his seven grievances. Ming
Decline
1618-22 Osman II ruled Ottomans,
invaded Ukraine.
1618-30 Ramadevaraya ruled Vijayanagara. Southern
India
1619 Dutch made Batavia their East Indies capital. Java
1620-27 Tianqi ruled China. Ming
Decline
1621 Khurram had Khusrau secretly killed. Jahangir
1622 Nine European priests were executed at Nagasaki. Japan
1622 British, Persia
pushed Portuguese out of Hormuz.
1622 Tianqi closed the Donglin Academy. Ming
Decline
1622-32 Itiqad Khan governed Kashmir.
1622-73 Yu Hyong-won began Practical Learning in Korea.
1622-82 5th Dalai Lama united Tibet.
1623 Dutch East India Company traded in Persia.
1623-49 Injo ruled Korea.
1623-57 Trinh Trang ruled Tongking. Vietnam
1624 Japan expelled Spaniards.
1624 Persians conquered Baghdad. Ottoman
1624-27 Wei Zhongxian persecuted Donglin movement. Ming
Decline
1626 Nurhaci died fighting the Ming
army.
1626 Yoshiwara quarter was established in Edo. Chikamatsu
1627 Amin led Manchu invasion of Korea. Ming
Decline
1627-44 Chongzhen was last Ming
emperor.
1627-56 Muhammad 'Adil Shah ruled Bijapur. Southern
India
1627-80 Shivaji Bhonsla led Maratha rebellion. Southern
India
1628-58 Shah Jahan
ruled Mughal empire.
1629 Mughal empire suffered famine. Shah
Jahan
1629-43 Nurhaci's son Abahai led Manchus. Ming
Decline
1630-47 Zhang Xianzhong led raids in China. Ming
Decline
1630-56 Prasat Tong ruled Siam
tyrannically.
1631 Mumtaz Mahal died in childbirth. Shah
Jahan
1631-45 Li Zicheng led rebels. Ming
Decline
1632 Mughal army defeated Portuguese at Hughli. Shah
Jahan
1632-40 Murad IV tried to reform Ottoman
empire.
1632-67 Fasiladas ruled Ethiopia,
expelled Jesuits.
1633 Chinese, Manchus, and Mongols took exams. Ming
Decline
1633 Daimyos were required to live in Edo. Japan
1633 Japan began excluding
foreigners.
1634 Kashmir's Zafar Khan invaded western Tibet.
1635 Chogthu Mongols invaded Tibet.
1635 Li Yu wrote erotic novel, Jou Pu Tuan. Novels
1635-87 Rajasimha II ruled Kandy. Southern
India
1636 Zaydi Shi'a threw Ottomans
out of Yemen.
1636-37 Abahai led Manchu invasion of Korea.
1637-38 Shimabara revolt in Kyushu was crushed. Japan
1637-44 Aurangzeb governed the Deccan. Shah
Jahan
1637-94 Souligna-Vongsa ruled Laos.
1638 Ottoman empire
regained Baghdad. Persian
1638-1864 Tokugawa Japan
avoided mobilizing armies.
1639 English built Fort St. George at Madras. European
Trade
1639 Japan excluded foreigners.
1639-59 Muhammad Shuja governed Bengal. Shah
Jahan
1640 Dong Yue wrote Tower of Myriad Mirrors. Novels
1640-48 Ibrahim ruled the Ottoman
empire.
1641 Portuguese claimed
western Madagascar.
1641 Dutch conquered Melaka. Malaya
1641 Japanese limited
Dutch trade to Nagasaki.
1641-61 Garcia II ruled the Kongo. Southern
Africa
1642 Schall von Bell taught Chinese gun-making. Kangxi
1642 Tasman explored and named New
Zealand.
1642-49 Sriranga III was last king of Vijayanagara. Southern
India
1643-50 Dorgon ruled Manchus as regent. Ming
Decline, Qing Conquest
1644 Japan banned plays about current people. Chikamatsu
1644 Manchus captured Beijing. Ming
Decline, Qing Conquest
1644-1912 Manchus ruled China as Qing dynasty. Qing
Empire
1645 Turks invaded Crete. Ottoman
1645-77 Amangkurat I ruled Mataram in Java.
1646 Murad's Mughal army occupied Balkh. Shah
Jahan
1646-62 Yongli tried to reign as Ming
emperor.
1647 Fiqari and Qasimi vendetta in Egypt
began.
1647 Yamazaki wrote Refutation of Heresies. Japanese
Confucianism
1648 Manchu forces captured Suzhou. Qing
Conquest
1648 Russians reached Kamchatka coast. Kangxi
1648 Treaty ended Spanish-Dutch trade battles. Philippines
1648-87 Hien Vuong ruled Annam. Vietnam
1648-87 Mehmet IV was Ottoman
sultan.
1650 Manchu army invaded Guangdong. Qing
Conquest
1650 Portuguese were ejected from Muscat. Persia
1651 English built a factory at Hughli. European
Trade
1651 English built Fort St. James on Gambia River. West
Africa
1651-61 Shunzhi ruled Qing
empire.
1652 Dutch established
a station at Table Bay.
1652 Fifth Dalai Lama visited Beijing. Qing
Conquest
1653 5th Dalai Lama visited Chinese emperor. Tibet
1653-58 Aurangzeb was viceroy in the Deccan. Shah
Jahan
1653-78 Maetsuycker governed from Batavia. Java
1656 Zheng Chenggong led defeat of Qing
fleet.
1656-58 Dutch pushed Portuguese out of Sri Lanka. Southern
India
1656-61 Vizier Koprulu Mehmed reformed Ottomans.
1657 Shah Jahan's
illness led to civil war in India.
1657-88 Narai ruled Siam
and tolerated Europeans.
1658 600 Christians were killed in Omura. Japan
1658 Abaza Hasan Pasha revolted in Anatolia. Ottoman
1658 Shunzhi revived Hanlin Academy. Qing
Conquest
1658-1707 Aurangzeb
ruled the Mughal empire.
1659 French established Saint-Louis on Senegal River. West
Africa
1659 Qing armies
defeated Li Dingguo's Ming army.
1659 Ramdas wrote his poem Dasabodha. Maharashtra
Mystics
1659-74 Hyonjong ruled Korea.
1660 Dutch ended ban on exporting firearms to Africa. West
Africa
1660-63 Mir Jumla governed Bengal. Aurangzeb
1661 Bengal's Mir Jumla declared war on Assam. Aurangzeb
1661 Portuguese gave England's Charles II Bombay. European
Trade
1661-67 Four regents governed Qing
empire.
1662 Ahmad Bey was assassinated in Egypt.
1662 Huang Zongxi published A Plan for the Prince. Confucian Intellectuals
1662-1673 Wu Sangui governed Yunnan. Qing
Conquest, Kangxi
1663 Ottomans invaded
Hungary and Transylvania.
1664, 1670 Shivaji led raids on port of Surat. Southern
India
1664-88 Shaista Khan governed Bengal. Aurangzeb
1665 Aurangzeb
doubled customs duties for Hindus.
1665 Shivaji gave up 23 fortresses. Southern
India
1665 Yang Guangxian's book criticized Christianity. Kangxi
1666 Shivaji escaped from Aurangzeb's court at Agra. Southern
India
1666-94 Sulayman I ruled Safavid
Persian empire.
1667-1722 Kangxi
ruled Qing empire.
1667-82 Yohannes ruled Ethiopia.
1669 Aurangzeb
ordered Hindu temples demolished.
1669 Gokla of Tilpat led Jat rebellion. Aurangzeb
1669 Spaniards claimed the Marianas Islands. Philippines
1669 Turks conquered Candia on Crete. Ottoman
1670 Portuguese failed
to conquer Kongo.
1670 Allada king sent an envoy to Paris. Niger
Coast
1670 Dutch announced monopolies in Sri Lanka. Southern
India
1670 Kangxi promulgated
Sacred Edict.
1672 Aurangzeb
revoked grants to Hindus.
1672 Turks invaded Poland, captured Kaminiec. Ottoman
1672-1727 Mawlay Isma'il ruled Morocco.
1673 Nasir al-Din invaded Futa Toro, Wolof, Kayor. West
Africa
1674 Shivaji crowned himself Maratha king. Southern
India
1674-1720 Sukchong ruled Korea.
1674-81 Three feudatories rebelled against Qing. Kangxi
1675 Sikh Guru
Tegh Bahadur was beheaded. Aurangzeb
1675 Verbiest helped Qing make cannons. Kangxi
1675 Yamaga wrote An Autobiography in Exile. Japanese
Confucianism
1676 Tibetan troops
forced Bhutanese out of Sikkim.
1678 Japan's government
began running a deficit.
1678 Portuguese confirmed trading at Macao. Kangxi
1679 Aurangzeb revived jiziya tax on non-Muslims. Southern
India
1679 Kangxi hired
scholars to write Ming history.
1680-1709 Tsunayoshi governed Japan.
1680-82 Oyo went to war against Aja of Allada, Dahomey. Gold
Coast
1681 English began trading at Whydah. Niger
Coast
1682 Saikaku wrote Life
of an Amorous Man.
1683 Chikamatsu's play
The Soga Heir was performed.
1683 Qing made Taiwan part of Fujian. Kangxi
1683 Turks besieged Vienna but were defeated. Ottoman
1684 Mughal army of 80,000 besieged Bijapur. Aurangzeb
1686 English sacked Hughli. Aurangzeb
1686 Olods led by Galdan attacked Outer Mongolia. Kangxi
1686 Saikaku wrote Five
Women Who Loved Love.
1686 Saikaku wrote Life
of an Amorous Woman.
1687 Japan proscribed Christianity, Nichiren sects. Japanese
Confucianism
1687-1707 Vimala Dharma Suriya II ruled Kandy. Southern
India
1688 Ottoman empire
lost Belgrade to Habsburg army.
1688 Hong Sheng finished Palace of Eternal Youth. Theater
1688 Maratha Shambhaji was captured and killed. Southern
India
1688-1700 Rajaram led Maratha rebellion. Aurangzeb,
Southern India
1688-90 English traders fought Mughal navy. Aurangzeb
1689 Russians and Chinese made Nerchinsk treaty. Kangxi
1689 Saikaku wrote Japanese
Family Storehouse.
1690 Tsunayoshi had a Confucian academy built. Japanese
Confucianism
1692 Kangxi allowed
Christians to preach in China.
1692 Novelist Kim Man-jung died. Korea
1692 Saikaku wrote This
Scheming World.
1695 Food prices caused a famine in Egypt.
1695 Gu Yenwu published book on Han Learning. Confucian
Intellectuals
1695 Japan debased its
currency.
1695-1706 Aurangzeb
fought Marathas in the Deccan.
1696 Russia's Peter captured Azov with his new fleet. Ottoman
1696 Kangxi led campaign
against Dzungars.
1696 Miyazaki wrote The Farmer's Compendium. Japan
1696 Yen Yuan implemented new curriculum in Hebei. Confucian
Intellectuals
1696-1771 Chen Hongmou promoted education. Qianlong,
Confucian Intellectuals
1696-99 Omani fleet besieged Mombasa. East
Africa
1698 English began collecting taxes at Calcutta. European
Trade
1698 Vietnamese began
colonizing lower Cambodia.
1699 English established a factory at Canton. Qianlong
1699 Guru Gobind Singh proclaimed a Sikh
nation.
1699 Johor's Sultan Mahmud was killed. Malaya
1699 Kong Shangren produced Peach Blossom Fan. Theater
1699 Turks lost territory in the Karlowitz treaty. Ottoman
1700-35 Sai-Ong-Hué ruled Vientiane.
Laos
1701 Aurangzeb banned trade with Europeans.
1701-27 Quli Jafar Khan administered Bengal, Orissa. Mughal
1701-54 Wu Jingzi wrote satirical novel, The
Scholars.
1702 Dutch cattlemen
first clashed with Xhosa.
1702 Maratha army of 50,000 looted Hyderabad. Southern
India
1702-03 47 ronin got revenge and committed seppuku.
Japan
1703 Europeans declared Whydah port neutral. Niger
Coast
1703 Edo earthquake killed 150,000. Japan
1703-24 Chikamatsu wrote
puppet plays.
1703-30 Ahmed III ruled the Ottoman
empire.
1703-62 Shah Waliullah translated Qur'an into Persian.
Marathas
1703-92 Al-Wahhab reformed
Islam.
1704 Mughal army defeated the Sikhs
at Chamkaur.
1704-06 Beatriz Kimpa Vita claimed she was Anthony. Southern
Africa
1705 Dzungars repulsed Qing incursion into Tibet. Kangxi
1705 French missionaries left Ethiopia.
1705-17 Lhazang Khan ruled Tibet.
1707-12 Bahadur Shah ruled Mughal
empire.
1707-39 Narendrasimha ruled Sri
Lanka.
1708 Korea allowed tax payments
in rice.
1708 Sikh Guru Gobind Singh was murdered. Maratha
Rise
1708-16 Banda Bahadur led Sikh revolt. Maratha
Rise
1709 Afghans revolted from Persian
rule in Qandahar.
1709-15 Mir Vais governed Afghanistan. Persia
1710-13 Maratha civil
war ravaged southern India.
1711 Great Sedition erupted in Egypt.
1711 Kangxi froze
the poll tax.
1712 Kangxi deposed
his heir Yinreng.
1713 Qing converted corvée labor to a tax. Kangxi
1713-19 Farrukh Siyar, Sayyid brothers ruled Mughals.
1713-47 Chao-Soi-Sisamout ruled Champassak. Laos
1714 French occupied the island of Mauritius. East
Africa
1715 Arai Hakuseki wrote A Report on the Occident. Japanese Confucianism
1715 Turks declared war on Venice. Ottoman
1715-63 Cao Xueqin wrote Dream
of the Red Chamber.
1716 Words of Hagakure Master appeared. Japanese
Confucianism
1716-42 Narbhupal Shah ruled the Gurkhas. Nepal
1716-45 Yoshimune governed Japan
with reforms.
1716-98 Yuan Mei wrote poetry, criticized Confucians.
1717 Dzungar Mongols invaded Tibet.
1717 Olods and Dzungars invaded Tibet. Kangxi
1717 Sunni Abdalis revolted and plundered Khurasan. Persia
1718 Jesuits helped Chinese produce an atlas. Kangxi
1718 Turks lost territory in the Passarowitz treaty. Ottoman
1718-30 Damad Ibrahim was vizier during tulip era. Ottoman
1718-46 Cakraningrat IV ruled Madura, allied with VOC. Java
1719-48 Muhammad Shah was Mughal
emperor.
1720 Cohong guild was organized at Canton. Qianlong
1720 Qing army took over Lhasa. Kangxi
1720-40 Peshwa Baji Rao led Marathas.
1721 Qing soldiers repressed rebellion on Taiwan. Yongzheng
1721-48 'Ali Muhammad Rohilla ruled Rohilkhand. Mughal
Decline
1722 Mahmud's Afghans defeated the Persian
army.
1722-39 Sa'adat Khan ruled Awadh. Mughal
Decline
1723 Ottomans invaded Persia
through Georgia.
1723 Yongzheng abolished
exam discrimination.
1723, 1729 Suzhou textile workers went on strike. Yongzheng
1723-35 Yongzheng
reformed the Qing empire.
1724 Qing troops put down Khoshote rebellion. Yongzheng
1724 Russians and Turks partitioned Transcaucasia. Ottoman
1724-76 Yongjo ruled Korea.
1725-29 Ashraf ruled Afghans, fought Persians
and Turks.
1727 Korean army put down
a rebellion.
1727 Muteferrika printed books in Turkish. Ottoman
1727 Ogyu Sorai wrote Political Essays. Japanese
Culture
1727 Qing made Kyakhta treaty with Russia. Yongzheng
1727 Two of Yongzheng's
brothers died in prison.
1727-76 Inta-Som ruled Luang Prabang. Laos
1728 Chinese published Complete Collection. Yongzheng
1728-1766 Queen Mentuab ruled Ethiopia
as regent.
1728-29 Portuguese
reoccupied Mombasa.
1728-47 Pholhanas governed Tibet.
1729 China banned selling and using opium. Yongzheng
1729-1811 Al-Mukhtar al-Kunti united Qadiri factions. Central
Sudan
1730 Agaja agreed to pay Oyo annual tribute. Niger
Coast
1730-54 Mahmud I ruled the Ottoman
empire.
1731 Ibrahim Muteferrika urged military reform. Ottoman
1732 Qing crushed revolt by Taiwan aborigines. Yongzheng
1732 Turks ceded Tabriz to Kerman, retained Georgia. Ottoman
1732-37 Jai Singh governed Malwa. Maratha
Rise
1733 Food riots broke out in Edo. Japan
1733-58 Boromokot ruled Siam.
1734 Russians invaded the Crimea and captured Azov. Ottoman
1735 Nadir and 80,000
Persians defeated Ottomans.
1736-47 Nadir Shah
Afshar ruled the Persian empire.
1736-95 Qianlong
ruled Qing empire.
1737 Qianlong tried
to ban liquor made from grain.
1739 Oyo invaded Dahomey. Niger
Coast
1739 Persia's Nadir Shah sacked Delhi. Mughal
Decline
1739 Turks regained territory in Belgrade treaty. Ottoman
1740 Ottomans renewed
friendship treaty with France.
1740-1756 'Ali Bey I ruled Tunisia.
1740-56 Alivardi ruled Bengal. Mughal
Decline, French
1740-61 Peshwa Balaji Rao led Marathas.
Marathas
1740-74 Tegbesu ruled Dahomey. Niger
Coast
1742 New Japanese law
allowed peasants to sell land.
1742-44 Opoku Ware's Asante
armies invaded neighbors.
1742-53 Dupleix governed Pondicherry. French
1742-74 Prithvi Narayan Shah ruled the Gurkhas. Nepal
1744 Al-Wahhab allied
with Muhammad ibn Saud.
1745 Aoki Konyo produced Dutch-Japanese
dictionary.
1746, 1784 Qianlong
persecuted Christians.
1746-48 Takeda, Namiki,
Miyoshi produced three
plays.
1746-55 'Ali ibn Athman ruled Mombasa. East
Africa
1747 Sambegu formed Futa Jallon confederation. West
Africa
1747-49 Sichuan people defeated Qing forces. Qianlong
1747-67 Afghan Abdali
invaded India 8 times.
1747-73 Ahmad Shah Durrani ruled Afghanistan. Persia
1748 Bereaved Qianlong
punished officials.
1748-54 Ahmad Shah was Mughal emperor. Afghan
Invasions
1749 Zhang Guangsi was executed for abusing Miao. Qianlong
1750 Cassava was brought from Brazil to Mozambique. East
Africa
1750 Yongjo reduced military cloth tax. Korea
1751 English led by Clive
captured Arcot.
1754-1817 Usman dan Fodio led jihad in West Africa. Western Sudan
1754-59 Alamgir II was Mughal emperor. Afghan
Invasions
1756 Siraj attacked Calcutta, captured Fort William. English
1757 English and Clive
defeated Siraj at Plassey.
1757-63 Vizier Raghib Mehmed governed Ottomans.
1757-79 Karim Khan ruled Persia.
1757-90 Mawlay Muhammad ruled Morocco.
1758 Portuguese expelled
the Jesuits from Africa.
1758-60 Clive governed
Bengal.
1759 Qing army slaughtered Dzungars. Qianlong
1759-82 'Ali Bey II ruled Tunisia.
1760 Marathas defeated
Nizam forces, captured Delhi.
1760-86 Ieharu let corrupt Tanuma govern Japan.
1761 Afghans defeated
Marathas at Panipat.
1761-82 Haidar 'Ali ruled Mysore. English
1762 Qing laws discriminated against Muslims. Qianlong
1762 Yongjo put Prince Sado to death. Korea
1762-1836 Chong Yag-yong wrote for Confucian reforms. Korea
1762-64 British navy sacked and occupied Manila. Philippines
1764 English defeated
Shuja's Awadh army at Buxar.
1764 Qianlong lifted
ban on intermarriage.
1765 Dutch conquered Kandy on Sri
Lanka.
1765-67 Clive governed
Bengal.
1767 British first contacted Tahitians.
1767 Burma of Hsinhpyushin
destroyed Ayudhya. Siam
1767 Qing punished Chinese miners at Hanoi. Qianlong
1767 Yamagata Daini was beheaded for treason. Japanese
Culture
1767-78 Sikhs raided
the Doab.
1767-82 Taksin organized and ruled Siam.
1768 'Ali Bey replaced the viceroy of Egypt.
1768 Nizam 'Ali made a treaty with the English.
1769 'Ali Bey claimed Hijaz for Egypt.
1769 Cook visited Tahiti
and New Zealand.
1769-1855 War-lords ruled Ethiopia.
Ethiopia
1770 Ten million died in Bengal and Bihar famine. Hastings
1771 Russians invaded the Crimea. Ottoman
1771 Trekboers crossed the Gamtoos River. Southern
Africa
1771-76 Qing army pacified Tibetans in Sichuan. Qianlong
1771-85 Warren Hastings
governed Bengal.
1772-1833 Rammohun Roy
was a social reformer.
1772-82 Najaf Khan commanded the Mughal army. North
India
1773 Wahhabis took
over Riyadh.
1773-1801 Nguyen Van brothers led Tay-son revolt. Vietnam
1773-84 Scholars compiled massive Four Treasuries. Qianlong
1773-93 Timur Shah ruled Afghanistan. Persia
1774 Awadh's Shuja and English annexed Rohilkhand. North
India
1774 Muslim troops quelled White Lotus rebellion. Qianlong
1774-77 Portuguese
waged war against Ovimbundu.
1774-89 Abdul Hamid ruled the Ottoman
empire.
1775 Egypt's Abu'l Dhahab
invaded Syria.
1775-1844 Ahmadu taught at Jenne and led a jihad. Western
Sudan
1775-89 Afghan Timur Shah invaded India 5 times. North
India
1776-1800 Chongjo ruled Korea.
1778 Xhosa chief Gcaleka died. Southern
Africa
1778-93 Philippines fought
Muslim raiders.
1779 Captain Cook was killed in Hawaii.
1780 Economic crisis began in Egypt.
1780 Pak Chi-won published 26-volume Jehol Diary. Korea
1781 56 officials were executed for selling degrees. Qianlong
1781 British defeated Mysore's Haidar. Hastings
1782 Ignatius Sancho published Letters in London. Slavery
1782-1809 Rama I ruled Siam.
1782-1814 Hamuda Bey ruled Tunisia.
1782-1819 Bodawhpaya ruled Burma.
1782-87 Japan suffered
famine.
1782-94 Mahadji Sindia was a chief Maratha. North
India
1783 Russia's Catherine II annexed the Crimea. Ottoman
1784 Pitt's India Act banned Company wars. Cornwallis
1784 Yi Sung-hun returned to Seoul as a Catholic. Korea
1785 Burma took over Arakan.
1785 Chongjo prohibited Christianity. Korea
1786 Kedah ceded Penang to the English. Malaya
1786-93 Cornwallis
governed British India.
1786-99 Heshan administered Qing empire corruptly. Qianlong
1787 Yusuf wrote Shaking the Peasants' Heads. Egypt
1787 60,000 troops defeated Triad rebels on Taiwan. Qianlong
1787 British opened Sierra Leone to ex-slaves. Gold
Coast
1787 Cugoano wrote book against slavery.
1787 Turks declared war on Austria and Russia. Ottoman
1787-1837 Ienari was shogun of Japan.
1787-93 Matsudaira Sadanobu governed Japan.
1788 English began penal colony at Sydney. Australia
1788 Ghulam Qadir blinded Emperor Shah Alam II. North
India
1788 Otsuki wrote Explanation of Dutch Studies. Japanese
Culture
1788-1820 Pakubuwana IV reigned on Java. Netherlands
East Indies
1788-92 Gurkhas fought Tibetans.
1789 Ndlambe attacked Gqunukhwebe by Fish River. Southern
Africa
1789 Equiano published Narrative of his life. Slavery
1789 Guangxi troops were driven out of Vietnam. Qianlong
1789 Slave trafficking in India was abolished. Cornwallis
Reforms
1789-1807 Selim III tried to reform the Ottomans.
1790 Sadanobu imposed censorship on Japan.
1791 Comic writer Santo Kyoden was punished. Japan
1792 Chinese helped Tibetans
defeat the Gurkhas.
1792 Dream of the
Red Chamber was completed.
1792 Ex-slaves from Nova Scotia built Freetown. Slavery
1792 Qing army drove Gurkhas back to Nepal. Qianlong
1792-1822 Mawlay Sulayman ruled Morocco. North
Africa
1793 Baptist missionary Carey came to Calcutta. Cornwallis
Reforms
1793 Qianlong refused
to negotiate with English.
1793-98 John Shore governed British India. Cornwallis
Reforms
1794 Agha Muhammad Khan founded Qajar
dynasty.
1794 Duane published Indian World. Cornwallis
Reforms
1794-1856 Wei Yuan proposed numerous reforms. Daoguang
Era
1794-99 Afghan Shah Zaman invaded India 4 times. North
India
1795 Al-Azhar scholars led uprising in Egypt.
1795 Qing emperor Qianlong
abdicated.
1795-1803 British governed
Cape Town. Southern Africa
1795-1819 Kamehameha I ruled the Hawaiian
Islands.
1795-1832 Yusuf Qaramanli ruled in Tripoli.
North Africa
1796 'Abd al-Qadir invaded Wolof. West
Africa
1796 English occupied Dutch possessions in Sri
Lanka.
1796 Opium was prohibited in China. Daoguang
Era
1796-1805 White Lotus Society rebelled in China. Qianlong,
Jiajing Era
1797-1803 Marathas
fought civil war.
1797-1834 Fath 'Ali Khan ruled Persia.
1798 Honda Toshiaki wrote Secret Proposals. Japanese
Culture
1798 Napoleon led French invasion of Egypt.
1798-1805 Richard Wellesley governed British
India.
1799 Napoleon attacked al-'Arish, Jaffa, and Acre. Egypt
1799 Ranjit Singh took over Lahore. North
India
1799 Turks allied with Russia and England. Ottoman
1799-1820 Jiajing
ruled the Qing empire.
1800 English bought 23 million pounds of Chinese
tea. Jiajing Era
1800-34 Sunjo was king of Korea.
1801 British forced the French out of Egypt.
1801 Korea persecuted Catholics.
1801 Korean government emancipated
66,067 slaves.
1801 Wahhabis defeated
Muscatis and took Bahrain.
1801-19 Gia Long ruled united Vietnam.
1801-24 Osei Bonsu was Asantehene. Asante
1802 British proclaimed Ceylon a crown colony. Sri
Lanka
1802 Wahhabis captured
Karbala in Iraq.
1803 British evacuated Egypt.
1803 Wahhabis destroyed
mausoleums in Mecca.
1803-05 British fought the Kandyans. Sri
Lanka
1803-05 British fought the Marathas.
1803-08 Shah Shuja ruled Afghanistan. Marathas,
North India
1803-21 Sultan Ahmad ruled Kedah. Malaya
1804 Usman dan Fodio led emigration from Degel. Western
Sudan
1805 Wahhabis stopped
Ottoman caravans to Mecca.
1805-28 Chao-Anou ruled Vientiane. Laos
1805-48 Muhammad 'Ali
was viceroy (wali) of Egypt.
1806 Asante invaded
Fante and defeated their army.
1806 Sepoys mutinied at Madras. Marathas
1806-56 Sayyid Sa'id al-Busa'idi ruled Oman. Arabs
1807 British abolished
the slave trade.
1807 Janissaries mutinied and deposed Selim III. Ottoman
1807 Sierra Leone treaty dispossessed Temne rulers. Gold
Coast
1807-13 Minto governed British
India.
1808 United States prohibited the slave trade. Gold
Coast
1808 Usman established a caliphate at Sokoto. Western
Sudan
1808-11 Daendels governed Java for France. Netherlands
East Indies
1808-39 Mahmud II ruled the Ottoman
empire.
1809 British required
Khoisan to carry a pass.
1809 British defeated Saudis'
Omani allies.
1809 Fujian pirate chief was drowned. Jiajing
Era
1809 Ranjit Singh made a treaty with the British. Marathas
1809 Shen Fu's autobiographical account ends. Jiajing
Era
1809-24 Rama II ruled Siam.
1810 Wahhabis banned
commerce with Syria and Iraq.
1810-22 Macquarie governed New South Wales. Australia
1810-28 Radama I ruled Madagascar. East
Africa
1811 Hong Kyong-nae led rebellion in P'yongan. Korea
1811 Japan captured Russians
at Kunashiri.
1811 Japan reversed restrictions
on foreign books.
1811 Mamluk beys in Egypt
were massacred.
1811-16 Raffles governed and reformed Java. Netherlands
East Indies
1811-18 Egyptians invaded
Hijaz and Wahhabis.
1811-47 Vietnam dominated Cambodia.
1812 Law allows Khoisan children to be "apprenticed."
South Africa
1812 Russians restored Moldavia, Wallachia to Turks. Ottoman
1812 Tahiti's Pomare
II became a Christian.
1813 Banishing criminals to Manchuria was ended. Jiajing
Era
1813 Egypt's army captured
Mecca and Medina. Saudi
Arabia
1813 Heavenly Reason Society revolted in China. Jiajing
Era
1813 Persia ceded territory
to Russia.
1813-23 Lord Hastings governed British
India. North India
1814 British made
a treaty with Persia.
1814 Dutch abolished the slave trade. Gold
Coast
1814 Kurozumi founded the sun goddess sect. Japanese
Culture
1814-16 British defeated the Gurkhas. Nepal
1815 800 Christians were arrested in Sichuan. Jiajing
Era
1815 Bezuidenhout led Boer rebellion against British.
1815 United States declared war on Algeria. North
Africa
1816 British made North
Africans end piracy.
1816 British exported
timber from Sierra Leone.
1817 Omanis attacked the Mazrui at Pate. Arabs
1817-28 Jahangir led jihad in Xinjiang. Daoguang
Era
1817-37 Muhammad Bello was Sokoto caliph. Western
Sudan
1817-98 Sayyid Ahmad Khan worked for Muslims. Social
Reform
1818 Buckingham began publishing Calcutta Journal. British Expansion
1818 Egypt's Ibrahim
captured al-Diriya. Saudi
Arabia
1818 Marathas surrendered
to the British.
1818 Ndwandwe Zwide had Dingiswayo assassinated. Zulus
1818 Ranjit Singh's Sikh army conquered Multan. North
India
1818-28 Shaka ruled the Zulus
autocratically.
1818-31 Roy led
campaign to abolish sati.
1819 England financed families coming to the Cape. British
1819 Missionaries arrived in Hawaii.
1819 Morrison translated Bible into Chinese. Daoguang
Era
1819 Nxele urged Xhosa to attack a town. South
Africa
1819 Raffles made Singapore a British port. Malaya
1819 Ranjit Singh conquered Kashmir. British
Expansion
1819 Tahiti adopted puritanical
laws.
1819 Zulus defeated
the Ndwandwe.
1819-37 Al-Kanemi governed Bornu with Arab advisors. Western
Sudan
1819-41 Minh Mang ruled Vietnam.
1820 Bishop's College was founded at Calcutta. British
Expansion
1820 Isma'il captured 20,000 slaves from Sudan. Egypt
1820 Maori chief Hongi visited London. New
Zealand
1821 Indians published their first newspaper. Social
Reform
1821-27 Greeks rebelled against Ottoman
empire.
1821-35 Cao Zhenyong headed Qing government. Daoguang
Era
1821-38 Dutch won the Padri War on Sumatra. Netherlands
East Indies
1821-50 Daoguang
ruled the Qing empire.
1821-59 Toghtakhu Toro improved Mongolia. Daoguang
Era
1822 Tlokwa defeated the Mfengu. Southern
Africans
1822 Egyptians suppressed
a revolt on Crete.
1822-32 Maoris fought civil wars. New
Zealand
1822-59 Mawlay 'Abdul-Rahman ruled Morocco. North
Africa
1822-70 Moshweshwe ruled Sotho wisely. Southern
Africans
1823 Burma seized Manipur.
1823 John Adam imposed censorship in Bengal. British
Expansion, Social
Reform
1823 Sufi al-Darqawi died in Morocco. North
Africa
1823-26 Barakzai brothers fought over Afghanistan. British
Expansion
1823-34 Turki ruled the Saudi
kingdom.
1824 Colonial Council founded Liberia. Gold
Coast
1824 Asante army killed
178 British.
1824 British W. F. Owen intervened at Mombasa. East
Africa
1824 Dutch-British treaty divided SE Asia archipelago. Malaya
1824-26 British
invaded Burma, made treaty.
1824-31 Barnes governed Ceylon.
1824-51 Rama III ruled Siam.
1825 Ngwane defeated Hlubi, killing Mpangazita.
Southern Africans
1825 'Umar Saidu went on pilgrimage to Mecca. Western
Sudan
1825 Aizawa Yashushi wrote New Proposals. Japanese
Culture
1825 Hawaii decreed
laws against vices.
1825 Japan's exclusion
order threatened death.
1825 Nanboku's Ghost Story at Yotsuya played. Japanese
Culture
1825-30 200,000 died in Javanese rebellion. Netherlands
East Indies
1825-34 Mzilikazi's Ndebele ravaged the Transvaal. Southern
Africans
1825-54 Kamehameha III ruled Hawaii.
1825-65 British navy
captured 1,287 slave ships.
1826 Asante army invaded
Fante.
1826 British combined Malayan
Straits Settlements.
1826 China's trade balance turned negative. Daoguang
Era
1826 Sultan Mahmud II abolished Janissaries. Ottoman
1826 Zulu army of 40,000
destroyed the Ndwandwe.
1827 Europeans destroyed
Tunisian, Algerian fleets.
1827 Japan banned prostitution,
alcohol, gambling.
1827 Li Ruzhen completed Flowers
in the Mirror.
1827.6 Egyptian army
captured Athens. Ottoman
1827.10 Europeans destroyed Egyptian-Turkish
navy. Ottoman
1827-29 Russians and Turks fought a war. Ottoman
1828 Cape Ordinance 50 guaranteed equal rights. South
Africa
1828 Persia lost fertile
land to Russia.
1828 Roy founded
Brahmo Sabha.
1828 Siam conquered Vientiane.
Laos
1828-35 Bentinck governed British
India.
1828-40 Dingane ruled the Zulus.
1828-61 Ranavalona I persecuted Christians. East
Africa
1829 Bentinck made helping sati a crime. British
Expansion
1829-31 Sayyid Ahmad of Bareilly led a revolt. British
Expansion
1830 French led by Bourmont invaded Algeria. North
Africa
1830 Greece became independent. Ottoman
1831 French took control of Oran and Constantine. North
Africa
1831 In Choshu 100,000 protested cotton monopoly. Japan
1831 Moshweshwe made peace with the Tlokwa. Southern
Africans
1831 Otho of Bavaria was crowned king of Greece. Ottoman
1831 Wesleyans converted Tonga
chief Taufa'ahau.
1831-33 Ibrahim's Egyptian
army invaded Syria. Ottoman
1831-33 Roy visited
England and argued for reform.
1831-43 Maclean governed Gold
Coast for British.
1832 Ndebele defeated Dingane's Zulu
invasion.
1832 Egyptians took
Acre, Damascus, Konya. Ottoman
1833 British East India Company's monopoly ended. Daoguang
Era
1833 Ceylon adopted
Colebrooke-Cameron reforms.
1833 England and France got Egypt to make peace. Ottoman
1834 British emancipated
all slaves in their colonies.
1834 Portuguese monopoly on ivory was abolished. Southern
Africans
1834 Shah Shuja's siege of Qandahar failed. British
Expansion
1834 Sikhs seized Peshawar. British
Invasion
1834-48 Muhammad Shah ruled Persia.
1834-49 Honjong ruled Korea.
1835 Kokand gained favorable treaty with Qing. Daoguang
Era
1835 Macaulay wrote "Minute on Education." British
Invasion
1835 Maori tribes were united. New
Zealand
1835 Peter Parker started a hospital at Canton. Daoguang
Era
1835 Wesleyan missionaries came to Fiji.
1835-41 15,000 Boers
trekked into Zulu country.
1835-47 'Abdul-Qadir resisted French in Algeria. North
Africa
1835-50 Corrupt Muchanga led Qing government. Daoguang
Era, Opium Wars
1836-62 Kimweri ye Nyumbai ruled Shambaa. East
Africa
1837 Al-Sanusi founded Sanusiya tariqa in Mecca. North
Africa
1837 Sa'id deported Mazrui leaders from Mombasa. East
Africa
1837 Boers, Griqua, and Rolong defeated the Ndebele. Southern
Africans
1837 Medical school was built at Cairo. Egypt
1837 Oshio led a peasant rebellion in Osaka. Japan
1837-55 Ahmad Bey ruled Tunisia. North
Africa
1837-8 Persian army besieged Herat. Afghanistan
1838 Healer Nakayama Miki began Tenri movement. Japan's
Transition
1838.2 Dingane slaughtered 71 Boers.
Zulus
1838.12 Boers with rifles
killed about 3,000 Zulus.
1838-70 Ali Alauddin Mansur Syah ruled Acheh. Netherlands
East Indies
1839 British withdrew from Natal. Southern
Africans
1839 British installed Shah Shuja in Kabul. Afghanistan
1839 Egyptians defeated
Ottoman troops in Syria. Ottoman
1839 Korea executed 83 Catholics.
1839 Lin Zexu tried to end opium
imports to China.
1839 Pratap Singh lost his throne at Satara. British
Expansion
1839 Ranjit Singh died. British
Invasion
1839-61 Abdul Mejid reformed the Ottoman
empire.
1840 Sayyid Sa'id moved from Muscat to Zanzibar. East
Africa
1840 British fleet blockaded Canton and Ningbo. Opium
Wars
1840 English and Maoris made Waitangi treaty. New
Zealand
1840 Gladstone condemned war for opium
smuggling.
1840 Hawaii got a constitution
and public schools.
1840 Hirose Tanso wrote Cirumlocutions. Japan's
Transition
1840 New South Wales stopped taking convicts. Australia
1840.11 Dost Muhammad surrendered to British. Afghanistan
1840-43 Maconochie tried prison reforms. Australia
1840-72 Mpande ruled the Zulus.
1840-88 Turk Namik Kemal wrote plays and editorials. Ottoman
1841 Mulatto J. J. Roberts became governor of Liberia. Gold
Coast
1841 Buxton expedition up Niger was massacred. Gold
Coast
1841 Gulab Singh took over Kashmir. Sikhs
1841 Hirata Atsutane was put under house arrest. Japanese
Culture
1841 Qishan-Elliot Chuanbi Convention was rejected. Opium
Wars
1841.11 Afghans
in Kabul attacked British.
1841.12 Macnaghten was treacherously killed by Akbar. Afghanistan
1841-47 General Bugeaud led French war in Algeria. North
Africa
1842 New Zealand became
a British colony.
1842 Treaty of Nanjing gave British concessions. Opium
Wars
1842.1 British army
was massacred leaving Kabul.
1842.3 Yijing's attack on Ningbo failed. Opium
Wars
1842.4 Shah Shuja was murdered. Afghanistan
1842.6 British captured abandoned Shanghai. Opium
Wars
1842-53 Dahomey fought a war with the Egba. Gold
Coast
1843 'Abdul-Qadir fled to Morocco. North
Africa
1843 French military took over Tahiti.
1843 Napier's force killed 5,000 Baluchis. Afghanistan
1843 New South Wales elected its legislative council. Australia
1843 Sotho territory defined in treaty with Napier. Southern
Africans
1843 Zulu king Mpande
made a treaty with British.
1843-47 Charles Napier governed annexed Sindh.
1843-56 Devendranath Tagore led Brahmo Samaj. Social
Reform
1843-65 Faisal ibn Turki ruled the Saudi
kingdom.
1844 'Umar Saidu resolved civil war in Futa Jallon. Western
Sudan
1844 British took
over Gwalior.
1844 China made treaties with USA and France. Opium
Wars
1844 Fante Bond banned human sacrifice, panyarring. Gold
Coast
1844 Wei Yuan published Illustrated Gazetteer. Daoguang
Era
1844.5.23 Báb
proclaimed his spiritual mission at Shiraz.
1844-48 Hardinge governed British
India.
1845 China Mail was founded in Hong Kong. Daoguang
Era
1845 Missionaries established a school at Freetown. Gold
Coast
1845 Torii Yozo was banished for corruption. Japan's
Transition
1845-75 Shepstone governed natives in Natal. South
Africa
1845-93 George Tupou I ruled Methodist Tonga.
1846 British defeated Sikhs
in the Punjab.
1846 Three French warships approached Korea.
1846 Tunisia abolished slavery. North
Africa
1846-77 Jung Bahadur governed Nepal. Mutiny,
Nepal
1847 Liberia became a constitutional republic. Gold
Coast
1847-60 Duang ruled Cambodia.
1847-83 Tu Duc ruled Vietnam.
1848 Algeria abolished slavery. North
Africa
1848 Dalhousie annexed
Satara.
1848-54 'Abbas was viceroy of Egypt.
1848-56 Dalhousie
governed British India.
1848-96 Nasir al-Din Shah ruled Persia.
1849 British defeated Sikhs
and annexed Punjab.
1849 Dalhousie annexed
Sambalpur.
1849 French marines attacked a Honolulu fort. Hawaiian
Islands
1849 Guangxi famine stimulated revolt. Taiping
Revolution
1849-63 Ch'olchong ruled Korea.
1850 China Herald was founded in Shanghai.
Daoguang Era
1850 Natal land speculator Byrne went bankrupt. South
Africa
1850 Religious Disabilities Act banned discrimination. Mutiny
1850 War broke out between Kasanje and Portuguese. Southern
Africans
1850.7.9 The Báb
was executed at Tabriz.
1850-52 Lawrence brothers governed Punjab.
1851 Gold rush began in Australia.
1851 Hong Xiuquan was proclaimed Taiping
king.
1851 Nian rebellion
began in Anhui province.
1851 Ottoman empire
revised penal code.
1851 Sotho defeated Warden's army at Viervoet. South
Africa
1851-54 Bu Baghla led Grand Kabyla rebellion in Algeria. North
Africa
1851-61 Xianfeng ruled Qing empire. Opium
Wars, Rebellions
1851-64 Sekeletu ruled the Kololo. Southern
Africans
1851-68 Rama IV began modernizing Siam.
1852 British conquered lower Burma.
Dalhousie
1852-63 Smuggler Zhang Luoxing led Nian rebellion.
1853 15,000 peasants demanded equality in Nambu. Japan's
Transition
1853 Colenso became Natal's first Anglican bishop. South
Africa
1853 Dalhousie annexed
Nagpur and Jhansi.
1853 Small Swords Triads took over Shanghai. Taiping
Revolution
1853-54 Perry's U.S. ships made Japan open to trade. Japan's
Transition
1853-56 Russia loses Crimean War to other powers. Ottoman
1853-64 Taiping revolution
made Nanjing its capital.
1853-64 Tax on Asante
was unpopular and failed.
1853-67 Tewodros ruled Ethiopia.
1853-78 Mindon Min ruled Burma.
1854 Boers founded the
Orange Free State.
1854 Cape colony adopted a liberal constitution. South
Africa
1854 Turks defeated Russians in the Danube region. Ottoman
1854 Two Russian warships killed some Koreans.
1854 Zeng Guofan's Xiang army fought Taiping
rebels.
1854-63 Muhammad Sa'id was viceroy of Egypt.
1854-80 Benin suffered a civil war. Gold
Coast
1855 French helped Qing regain Shanghai. Taiping
Revolution
1855 Melbourne strikers demanded an 8-hour day. Australia
1855 Taiping northern
campaign failed.
1855 Tewodros II crowned emperor of Ethiopia.
1856 Xhosa destroyed their own cattle and grain. South
Africa
1856 Arrow incident provoked British in China. Opium
Wars
1856 Bahá'u'lláh
advised Babis not to use violence.
1856 Cetshwayo defeated Mbuyazi in Zulu
civil war.
1856 Dalhousie annexed
Awadh (Oudh).
1856 Gurkha invasion of Tibet
ended by treaty.
1856 Hay got Morocco to ban most monopolies. North
Africa
1856 New Zealand became
a self-governing colony.
1856 Taiping leaders
killed each other.
1856 Widow Remarriage Bill passed. Mutiny
1856-62 Canning governed British India. Mutiny
1856-63 Miao Peilin led rebellions
in Huai.
1856-71 M. Pretorius led South
African Republic.
1856-73 Du Wenxiu ruled Muslims' Pingnan kingdom. Rebellions
1856-84 Mutesa ruled Buganda, bought guns. East
Africa
1857 Blyden wrote Vindication of the Negro Race. Gold
Coast
1857 British made Persia
renounce Afghanistan.
1857 Calcutta, Bombay, Madras universities founded. Dalhousie
1857 Dr. Livingstone wrote Missionary Travels. East
Africa
1857.5 Sepoys mutinied at Mirat and Delhi. Mutiny
1857-58 Mutiny became
revolt in Awadh, Rohilkhand.
1858 Anglo-French forces took Tianjin, made treaty. Opium
Wars
1858 Australia gained
male suffrage.
1858 Burton and Speke explored lakes region. East
Africa
1858 Guo Songdao opposed war with Europeans. Qing
Reconstruction
1858 Japan made another treaty with the U.S. Japan's
Transition
1858.11 Victoria proclaimed equal rights for India. Mutiny
1858.8 East India Company rule ended. Mutiny
1859 'Umar Saidu returned to Futa with 40,000. Western
Sudan
1859 Konko Daijin founded the Konkokyo sect. Japan's
Transition
1859-64 Hong Ren'gan was Taiping
prime minister.
1859-73 Muhammad IV ruled Morocco, increased trade. North
Africa
1859-84 Keshub Sen led Brahmo Samaj. Social
Reform
1860 Anglo-French captured Beijing, got treaty. Opium
Wars, Qing Reconstruction
1860 Dekker published the novel Max Havelaar. Netherlands
East Indies
1860 Feng Guifen wrote Protest from Jiaobin Studio. Qing Reconstruction
1860 Ii Naosuke was assassinated in Edo. Japan's
Transition
1860 Loyal King led Taiping
attack on Shanghai.
1860 Samoa adopted the
Vaimauga code of laws.
1860-64 Ch'oe Che-u founded Tonghak religion. Korea
1860-65 Canning imposed an income tax. Reconstruction
1860-72 British weapons crushed Maori uprisings. New
Zealand
1861 Police forces established throughout India. Reconstruction
1861 Prince Gong initiated a foreign office. Qing
Reconstruction
1861-75 Tongzhi's reign was a return to order. Qing
Reconstruction
1861-76 Abdul Aziz ruled the Ottoman
empire.
1862 China made trade treaty with Russia. Opium
Wars
1862 Chinese began making explosives, steamships. Qing
Reconstruction
1862 Language college opened in Beijing. Qing
Reconstruction
1862 Taiping army
led by Shi Dakai invaded Sichuan.
1862 Vietnam ceded three
provinces to France.
1862 Zeng Guofan began siege of Nanjing. Taiping
Revolution
1862, 1867 British made trade treaties with Burma.
1862-73 Khaznadar borrowed money for Tunisia. North
Africa
1863 Bahá'u'lláh
founded the Bahá'í religion.
1863 Li Hongzhang's Huai army captured Suzhou. Taiping
Revolution
1863 Napoleon III visited Algeria. North
Africa
1863 Qing general Senggelinqin defeated Nians. Rebellions
1863-68 Afghanistan suffered war over succession. Reconstruction
1863-75 Robert Hart was customs inspector-general. Qing
Reconstruction
1863-79 Isma'il Pasha was viceroy of Egypt.
1864 Reformer Sakuma Shozan was assassinated. Japan's
Transition
1864.6 King Hong Xiuquan died at Nanjing. Taiping
Revolution
1864.7 Zeng's troops stormed Nanjing, killed Taipings.
1864-66 Zeng released his army of 120,000. Qing
Reconstruction
1864-69 John Lawrence governed British
India.
1864-73 Taewon'gun ruled Korea
as regent.
1864-88 Brand was president of Orange Free State. South
Africa
1865 Livingstone wrote Expedition to the Zambesi. East
Africa
1865 Empress Cixi chastised Prince Gong. Qing
Reconstruction
1865 Li and Zeng began Jiangnan Arsenal. Qing
Reconstruction
1865 Nian rebels killed Qing general Senggelinqin. Rebellions
1865 Young Ottoman
Society was formed.
1866 Devendranath founded Adi Brahmo Samaj. Social
Reform
1866 Fukuzawa wrote Conditions in Western World. Meiji
Restoration
1866 Hart and ex-prefect traveled to Europe. Qing
Reconstruction
1866 Korea executed 8,000
Catholics.
1866 Taylor and missionaries went inside China. Qing
Reconstruction
1866, 1871 United States ships encountered Koreans.
1867 Dutch and traded forts on Gold
Coast.
1867 Bahá'u'lláh
sent letters to world leaders.
1867 Diamonds were discovered in Griqualand West. South
Africa
1867 France occupied three more Vietnam
provinces.
1867 Sultan Abdul Aziz visited Paris and London. Ottoman
1867 Vietnam, Siam
divided up Cambodia.
1867.11 Shogun Keiki resigned to serve the Emperor. Japan's
Transition
1868 Horton wrote West African Countries. Gold
Coast
1868 Edo changed its name to Tokyo. Meiji
Restoration
1868 Li and Zuo Zongtang defeated Nians. Rebellions
1868 Punjab and Awadh got tenant rights. Reconstruction
1868 Russians occupied Samarkand. British
India
1868 Tewodros II, defeated by British, shot himself. Ethiopia
1868 USA made treaty protecting Chinese immigrants. Qing
Reconstruction
1868.1 Keiki surrendered; Tokugawa lands were taken. Meiji
Restoration
1868-1912 Imperial Meiji
ruled Japan.
1869 Tahtawi wrote Paths of Egyptian Hearts. Egypt
1869 Suez Canal opened. Egypt
1869 Zuo's imperial army pacified Shaanxi. Rebellions
1869-72 Mayo governed British
India.
1870 Mob killed ten Catholic nuns at Tianjin. Qing
Reconstruction
1870 Telegraph lines connected London to British
India.
1870-77 Ya'qub Beg ruled Kashgaria. Rebellions
1871 Burma's Mindon convened
fifth Buddhist council.
1871 Fante chiefs agreed to Mankesim Constitution. Gold
Coast
1871 Japan and China agreed to a trade treaty. Qing
Reconstruction, Meiji
Restoration
1871 Japan banned the sale of girls as prostitutes. Meiji
Restoration
1871 Nakamura translated Self-Help, Mill's On Liberty.
Meiji Restoration
1871 Telegraph reached Shanghai and Hong Kong. Qing
Reconstruction
1871 Wahhabis sentenced
to life for treason.
1872 50 Sikh Kukas were executed without a trial. British
India
1872 Blyden founded weekly newspaper in Freetown. Gold
Coast
1872 British passed Pacific Islanders Protection Act. Tahiti
1872 Li founded Chinese Steamship Company. Qing
Reconstruction
1872 Mainichi was Japan's first daily newspaper. Meiji
Restoration
1872 Philippines strike
and mutiny were crushed.
1872 Victoria implemented free public schools. Australia
1872-76 Northbrook governed British
India.
1872-76 Qing empire
had a trade surplus.
1873 Debt evictions provoked Deccan riots. British
India
1873 Emperor Tongzhi received diplomats. Qing
Reconstruction
1873 Japan allowed Christian missionaries. Meiji
Restoration
1873 Japan began male conscription. Meiji
Restoration
1873 Kemal's play Vatan was performed at Istanbul. Ottoman
1873 Khayr al-Din replaced Khaznadar in Tunisia. North
Africa
1873 Qing consulate
located at Singapore.
1873 Shepstone crowned Cetshwayo Zulu
king.
1873 Zuo's imperial army pacified Gansu. Rebellions
1873-74 Asante in war
were defeated by British.
1873-75 Epidemic destroyed half of Zulu
cattle.
1874 British Pangkor Treaty made peace in Malaya.
1874 Clarke wrote His Natural Life. Australia
1874 Dutch annexed Acheh. Netherlands
East Indies
1874 Fiji ceded sovereignty
to the British.
1874 Japanese invaded Taiwan, accepted money. Qing
Reconstruction, Meiji
Restoration
1874 Many Australians
had the 8-hour day.
1874 Orissa famine was prevented by rice shipments. British
India
1874 Vietnam's Tu Duc
made a treaty with France.
1875 Ethiopians destroyed
invading Egyptian army.
1875 Disraeli bought Suez Canal for British. Egypt
1875 Hawaii and the
U.S. made a reciprocal treaty.
1875 Ottoman debt reached
200,000,000 pounds.
1875 Revolts erupted in Herzegovina, Bosnia, Bulgaria. Ottoman
1875 Russia ceded the Kurile Islands to Japan. Meiji
Restoration
1875 Shen Baozhen was Lianjiang governor-general. Qing
Reconstruction
1875 Tonga became a constitutional
monarchy.
1876.2 Korea and Japan agreed
to a friendship treaty.
1877 Satsuma rebellion led by Saigo was crushed. Meiji
Restoration